SOC 3403--The FamilyChapters 9 - 15Study Guide for TEST 21) As of 1980, the group of women least likely to favor housework was college educated, young wives.2) As more women enter the labor force, what has happened to the gender differences in time spent in housework? Women who are employed spend less time doing household work than homemakers do and husbands spend additional time doing housework when their wives work outside the home.3) From a feminist perspective, the unequal division of household labor is best explained by unequal opportunities for men and women and patriarchal gender ideologies that affect family role organization. 4) Jessie Bernard stated that in comparing the experiences of husbands and wives, more wives than husbands expressed marital frustration and dissatisfaction, negative feelings and marital problems. More women were unhappy with their marriages, regretted being married, sought marital counseling, and initiated divorce proceedings. In short, the husband views his marriage as “better”.5) Scott South found that over the past thirty years, wives` employment has increasing impact on marital dissolution. Three societal changes may be observed as a result of wives` employment: ( 1) the development of institutional supports for unmarried mothers; ( 2) a reduced tendency for working wives to adopt traditional gender roles that otherwise temper the effect of their economic independence; and ( 3) the growing exposure of working women to spousal alternatives concomitant with declines in workplace sex segregation.6) Power involves the crucial dimensions of authority and influence.7) Mary Rogers makes several points about power. Which statement is true? All of the three points made by Mary Rogers can still be considered as true. Power is still defined as the capacity or an ability to influence others. The extent of an individual`s power is relative to the social system and the position that the person occupies in that social system. Lastly, power is largely determined by resources: the greater resources an individual has, the greater advantage he/she has over others.8) Wives will have more power in societies which are nuclear – rather than extended - family structures. They tend to have greater power in societies with matrilateral rather than patrilateral customs of residence and descent.9) In their research involving conjugal power and decision making, Blood and Wolfe determined the area to be predominantly the wife`s province was her work and food. 10) Blood and Wolfe concluded that power in a marriage seems to be primarily related to resource availability. The source of authority and power lies in the comparative resources the husband or wife has available.11) Hyman Rodman refined the resource theory of conjugal power relationships by adding an emphasis on the cultural context in which the interaction occurs. 12) In studying conjugal power, Mark Rank found that the increase in wive`s resources led to increased wives` inf...