Review of literature related to the field of learning environments

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Review of literature related to the field of learning environments

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Review of literature related to the field of learning environments 2500 words 1. Introduction. The introduction should orient the reader and inform the reader of what is to follow. (5%) 2. History of the field of learning environments. The review could then provide an overview of the history of the field of learning environments and would include pioneers such as Lewin, Murray, Stern, Moos and Walberg. (15%) 3. Range of Questionnaires. You might go on to provide a brief description of the range of questionnaires that have become available. (15%) 4. Types of Research. Give an overview of the types or lines of research (Fraser delineated nine of these) that have been carried out in the field of learning environments (e.g. evaluation of innovations). (15%) 5. Description of Selected Questionnaire. a. Conceptualisation and development. Review the conceptualisation and development of your selected questionnaire. Mention who originally developed the questionnaire and why or for what. If the original questionnaire different to the one used today then describe the original and the subsequent modifications. (5%) b. Describe questionnaire. Describe the questionnaire in terms of what scales the instrument includes as well as a description of what these scales assess. How many items are there in a scale and what response scale is used? Other things you might want to include are the use of negative items or the order or the items (e.g. cyclic order). (10%) c. Review of studies that have used the questionnaire. Review past studies that have used the questionnaire. Try to synthesise the findings of various studies and, where applicable provide a brief description of the aim of the study, the sample size and the findings. (20%) 6. Conclusion. Sum up your literature review in a way that addresses the points that are applicable. To this end you could: „X Suggest future research directions or „X Discuss the relevance of the reviewed material to your current teaching situation. (10%) References Every reference you cite must be included in a list of references at the end of the assignment. Do not include a reference which is not explicitly cited in your report. Put the reference list in APA format References 1. Fraser, B.J. (2001). Twenty thousand hours: Editor`s introduction. Learning Environments Research: An International Journal, 4, 1-5. 2. Tobin, K., & Fraser, B. (1998). Qualitative and quantitative landscapes of classroom learning environments. In B. J. Fraser & K. G. Tobin (Eds.), The international handbook of science education (pp. 623-640). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 3.Wubbels, T. (1993). Teacher-student relationships in science and mathematics classes (What Research Says, No. 11). Perth: Curtin University of Technology. 4. and at least 3 referenances related to fild of classroom inviroment thank you

CONTENT:

LITERATURE REVIEW RELATED TO LEARNING ENVIRONMENTSNameInstitution affiliationCourseDate of SubmissionThe learning environment can be described as the overall climate, culture, ambience in which learning takes place. This learning environment describes the intangible aspects of a classroom which offer it a particular tone or feel. This feel is usually realized when a stranger spends some minutes in the room making the class to change its aspirations, anticipation and the spirit of delivery, or uncomfortable and humdrum feeling. It is only academic achievements that are assed in schools. The assessment measures the effectiveness of teaching and learning. The description of learning environment is assessed through questionnaire as this provide complete and accurate learning environment. Considering the time spent on education, it is essential for educators and researchers to obtain information from students regarding their perception of their learning environment.The history of learning environment research has its roots in the social science, where pioneer psychologists Lewin and Murray were the first to analyze the psychological environment. The environment and its effects as Lewin emphasized determines the behavior of individuals which he represented behavior as a function of both the person and the environment. Lewin was able to distinguish the perception of environment by people which is perceived to be an interaction between the person and the environment-beta press, and the description of the environment as perceived by a detached observer-alpha press. Lewin and Murray however observed that the beta press had advantages since the alpha press could miss some important and relevant events and interactions (Fraser, 2001). The ideology is at core of the classroom learning environment. Murray on his part employed the concepts of beta and alpha press in the need press model where he pointed out that need, is the motivation of individuals to accomplish goals and press signify the environment usefulness in enabling or hindering the accomplishment of goals (Tobin & Fraser, 1998). Moos were another pioneer in the field of learning environment who developed his studies from diverse environments. He developed the human or social ecology due to the increased interest in the field of psychology, which he studied how humans grow and adapt to the various environments. Moos practical question was how an environment can be developed to maximize the competence and functioning of humans. This took his studies to educational settings where he developed the classroom environmental scale that asked students perception of the learning environment of the class as a whole.The first learning environments questionnaires have been used in educational settings were developed in the 1960s and 1970s where Walberg and Anderson developed Learning Environment Inventory (LEI) which assessed the perception of students on the basis of whole class environment (Tobin & Fraser, 19...

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