CLO 2: Applying mathematical skills in dimensional analysis and correlating the different process variables in terms of dimensions
CLO 3: Demonstrate skills in using engineering methods to solve various calculations of chemical processes using the principles of material and energy balance
A mixture containing X0% ethanol (E) and (10-X)0% H2O (W) by weight is fed into a distillation column at the rate of 100X kg/h. The distillate contains 60% of ethanol and 40 % of water. The bottoms contain 95 % of water and 5% of ethanol. Draw and label a flowchart of the process. Calculate all unknown stream flow rates. Analyze the number of degree of freedom. The entire operation carried out at isothermal condition at 2 bar pressure and no reactions involved in this process. Write the answers with different system of units?
The air separation unit is an important energy-consuming unit in the process of ammonia synthesis. For the ammonia process with pure oxygen gasification, the purity of oxygen products in the air separation unit is generally 99.6%. If the oxygen purity from the air separation is reduced properly, its energy consumption will decrease effectively, and the energy consumption of the whole ammonia process may further decrease, as the nitrogen element is needed for ammonia synthesis. However, with the increase of the flow rate, the operating cost of the subsequent unit would increase, so there is an optimal purity that could minimize the energy consumption of the whole process. An ammonia-air mixture containing 10% ammonia is sent to an absorber in which 90% of ammonia is absorbed. (a) What is the mole fraction of ammonia in the gas leaving? (b) Express the composition of the exit gas from the absorber in weight percent. (c) What is the average molecular weight of the gas entering and leaving the column? (Average molecular weight of air is 29.) --------------
(a) Write notes on liquid- liquid Extraction & explain with neat diagram. (b) A mixture of phenol and water under certain conditions of temperature and composition forms two separate layers, one rich in phenol and the other rich in water. At 300 K, the composition of the upper and lower layers are 70% and 9% by weight of phenol respectively. If 40 g of phenol and 60 g of water are mixed and the layers are allowed to separate at 300 K, what will be the weights of the two layers?
Propane is burned with excess air to ensure complete combustion. If 55 kg of CO2 and 15 kg of CO are obtained when propane is completely burned with 500 kg air, determine the following: (a) The mass of propane burnt (in kilograms) (b) The percent excess air (c) The composition of flue gas. Based on the calculated variable comment your answer.
Producer gas is fuel gas that is manufactured by blowing a coke or coal with air and steam simultaneously. It mainly consists of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, as well as substantial amounts of nitrogen. The caloric value of the producer gas is low. Such a producer gas contains 28% CO, 3.5% CO2, 0.5% O2 and 68% N2. 100 kg of this gas is burned with 20% excess air. If the combustion is only 90% complete, determine the following: (a) The composition of the flue gas (b) The weight of the gaseous products (c) If the excess air increased to 40%, whether the combustion reaction in completed? Justify your anaswer.
A 100 kg/h ethanol–methanol stream is to be separated in a distillation column. The feed has 40% ethanol, and the distillate has 90% methanol. The flow rate of the bottom stream product is 40 kg/h. Determine the percentage of methanol in the bottom stream. Perform degree of freedom analysis. Draw the diagram. Write the inlet and outlet flow rate values in different system of units. Suggest any other methods applicale to separate ethanol–methanol stream. How the ethanol– methanol stream is separated in distillation column?
The most efficient way to separate the hydrocarbons into smaller fractions is called fractional distillation. Short hydrocarbons (one to five carbons) are gases at room temperatures because they have such low boiling points. A hydrocarbon feed consisting of a mixture of propane (20%), isobutene (30%), isopentane (20%), and npentane (30%) is fractionated at a rate of 100 kg/h into a distillate that contains all the propane and 78% of the isopentane in the feed. The mole fraction of isobutane in the distillate is 0.378. The bottom stream contains all the n-pentane fed to the unit. Determine the flow rate of the bottom stream. Write inlet and outlet stream with different system of units.
Gas-liquid absorption columns are primarily used to clean gas streams from chemicals that should not be released into the environment. Sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases are found in industrial waste streams and contribute to air pollution. A gas stream flowing at 100 mol/h contains 20 mol% oxygen, 70 mol% N2, and 10 mol% H2O is passed through a packed column with absorbent solids. The absorbents in the column absorb 97% of the water but none of the gases. Calculate the mole fraction of oxygen in the product gas.
